Hydrogenaudio Knowledgebase - User contributions [en]

Glossary Of Audio Terms

2004-10-24T14:00:37Z

Jasper:

==A==

* [[AAC]]
* [[ABR]]
* [[ABX]]/[[ABX|ABX testing]]
* [[AC3]]
* [[Aliasing]]
* [[AltPresets]]
* [[Amplitude]]
* [[APE]] ([[Monkey's Audio]])
* [[APE Tags]]
* [[Artifact]]/[[Artifact|Distortion]]
* [[ATH]] (Absolute Threshold of Hearing)

==B==

* [[Bandpass filter]]
* [[Bandstop filter]]/[[Bandstop filter|Band reject]]
* [[Bandwidth]]
* [[Bark]]
* [[Bit reservoir]]
* [[Bitrate]]
* [[Bit depth|Bits per sample]] / [[Bit depth]]
* [[Blind test]]
* [[Block switching]]

==C==

* [[CBR]]/[[Constant bitrate]]/[[CBR|Constant bitrate coding]]
* [[Channel coupling]]
* [[Clipping]]
* [[Codec]]
* [[Container format]]
* [[Critical band]]

==D==

* [[dB]]/[[dB|Decibel]]
* [[DC coefficient]]
* [[DCT]]
* [[DCT coefficient]]
* [[Digital Radio Mondiale|DRM]] (Digital Radio Mondiale)
* [[Digital Rights Management|DRM]] (Digital Rights Management)
* [[DSP]]
* [[DTS]]

==F==

* [[FFT]]
* [[Filterbank]]
* [[FIR filter]] (Finite Impulse Response Filters)
* [[FLAC]]
* [[Frequency]]
* [[Frequency domain]]

==H==

* [[Harmonics]]
* [[Highpass]]
* [[Huffman coding]]

==I==

* [[ID3]]
* [[IIR filter]] (Infinite Impulse Response Filters)
* [[Impulse]]
* [[Intensity stereo]]
* [[Inverse mix]]

==J==

* [[Joint stereo]]

==L==

* [[LFE]] (Low Frequency Extension)
* [[LPAC]]
* [[Long block]]
* [[Lossless]]
* [[Lossy]]
* [[Lowpass]]
* [[ATH|LTQ]] (Level of Threshold in Quiet)

==M==

* [[Masking]]
* [[MDCT]]
* [[Metadata]]
* [[Mid-side stereo]]
* [[Monkey's Audio]]
* [[MP3]] (MPEG 1 Audio Layer 3)
* [[MP3Pro]]
* [[MPC]]/[[MPC|MP+]]/[[Musepack]]/[[MPC|Mpeg Plus]]
* [[Mpeg]] (Motion Picture Expert Group)
* [[MPEG-4]]
* [[Multichannel]]

==N==

* [[Neural network]]
* [[Noise shaping]]
* [[Noise like signals]]
* [[Notch filter]]
* [[Nyquist rate]]/[[Nyquist rate|Nyquist frequency]]/[[Nyquist rate|Nyquist sampling theorem]]

==O==

* [[Ogg]]
* [[Ogg Vorbis]]
* [[OptimFROG]]

==P==

* [[Parametric Stereo]] / PS
* [[PCM]]
* [[Pre echo]]/[[Pre echo|Post echo]]
* [[Psychoacoustic]]
* [[Psychoacoustic model]]

==Q==

* [[Quantize]]/[[Quantizer]]/[[Quantization]]
* [[Quantization noise]]

==R==

* [[Range coding]]
* [[Rice coding]]
* [[Ringing]]

==S==

* [[Sampling rate]]/[[Sampling rate|Sample rate]]/[[Sampling rate|Sampling frequency]]
* [[SBR]] (Spectral Band Replication)
* [[Scale factor]]/[[Scale factor|Scale factor band]]
* [[Short block]]
* [[Shorten]] ([[SHN]])
* [[Sigma Delta Modulation]]
* [[Spectrogram]]
* [[Streaming]]
* [[Subband]]
* [[SZIP]]

==T==

* [[TTA]] '''T'''rue '''T'''ap '''A'''udio
* [[Temporal accuracy]]
* [[Temporal smearing]]
* [[Time domain]]
* [[Tonality]]/[[Tonality|Tonal signals]]/[[Tonality|Tonality estimation]]
* [[Transform]]
* [[Transient]]
* [[Transient smearing]]
* [[Transparency]]

==V==

* [[VBR]] (Variable Bitrate/Variable Bitrate Coding)

==W==

* [[WAV]]
* [[Wavelet]]
* [[WMA]]

Glossary Of Audio Terms

2004-10-24T13:49:11Z

Jasper:

==A==

* [[AAC]]
* [[ABR]]
* [[ABX]]/[[ABX|ABX testing]]
* [[AC3]]
* [[Aliasing]]
* [[AltPresets]]
* [[Amplitude]]
* [[APE]] ([[Monkey's Audio]])
* [[APE Tags]]
* [[Artifact]]/[[Artifact|Distortion]]
* [[ATH]] (Absolute Threshold of Hearing)

==B==

* [[Bandpass filter]]
* [[Bandstop filter]]/[[Bandstop filter|Band reject]]
* [[Bandwidth]]
* [[Bark]]
* [[Bit reservoir]]
* [[Bitrate]]
* [[Blind test]]
* [[Block switching]]

==C==

* [[CBR]]/[[Constant bitrate]]/[[CBR|Constant bitrate coding]]
* [[Channel coupling]]
* [[Clipping]]
* [[Codec]]
* [[Container format]]
* [[Critical band]]

==D==

* [[dB]]/[[dB|Decibel]]
* [[DC coefficient]]
* [[DCT]]
* [[DCT coefficient]]
* [[Digital Radio Mondiale|DRM]] (Digital Radio Mondiale)
* [[Digital Rights Management|DRM]] (Digital Rights Management)
* [[DSP]]
* [[DTS]]

==F==

* [[FFT]]
* [[Filterbank]]
* [[FIR filter]] (Finite Impulse Response Filters)
* [[FLAC]]
* [[Frequency]]
* [[Frequency domain]]

==H==

* [[Harmonics]]
* [[Highpass]]
* [[Huffman coding]]

==I==

* [[ID3]]
* [[IIR filter]] (Infinite Impulse Response Filters)
* [[Impulse]]
* [[Intensity stereo]]
* [[Inverse mix]]

==J==

* [[Joint stereo]]

==L==

* [[LFE]] (Low Frequency Extension)
* [[LPAC]]
* [[Long block]]
* [[Lossless]]
* [[Lossy]]
* [[Lowpass]]
* [[ATH|LTQ]] (Level of Threshold in Quiet)

==M==

* [[Masking]]
* [[MDCT]]
* [[Metadata]]
* [[Mid-side stereo]]
* [[Monkey's Audio]]
* [[MP3]] (MPEG 1 Audio Layer 3)
* [[MP3Pro]]
* [[MPC]]/[[MPC|MP+]]/[[Musepack]]/[[MPC|Mpeg Plus]]
* [[Mpeg]] (Motion Picture Expert Group)
* [[MPEG-4]]
* [[Multichannel]]

==N==

* [[Neural network]]
* [[Noise shaping]]
* [[Noise like signals]]
* [[Notch filter]]
* [[Nyquist rate]]/[[Nyquist rate|Nyquist frequency]]/[[Nyquist rate|Nyquist sampling theorem]]

==O==

* [[Ogg]]
* [[Ogg Vorbis]]
* [[OptimFROG]]

==P==

* [[Parametric Stereo]] / PS
* [[PCM]]
* [[Pre echo]]/[[Pre echo|Post echo]]
* [[Psychoacoustic]]
* [[Psychoacoustic model]]

==Q==

* [[Quantize]]/[[Quantizer]]/[[Quantization]]
* [[Quantization noise]]

==R==

* [[Range coding]]
* [[Rice coding]]
* [[Ringing]]

==S==

* [[Sampling rate]]/[[Sampling rate|Sample rate]]/[[Sampling rate|Sampling frequency]]
* [[SBR]] (Spectral Band Replication)
* [[Scale factor]]/[[Scale factor|Scale factor band]]
* [[Short block]]
* [[Shorten]] ([[SHN]])
* [[Sigma Delta Modulation]]
* [[Spectrogram]]
* [[Streaming]]
* [[Subband]]
* [[SZIP]]

==T==

* [[TTA]] '''T'''rue '''T'''ap '''A'''udio
* [[Temporal accuracy]]
* [[Temporal smearing]]
* [[Time domain]]
* [[Tonality]]/[[Tonality|Tonal signals]]/[[Tonality|Tonality estimation]]
* [[Transform]]
* [[Transient]]
* [[Transient smearing]]
* [[Transparency]]

==V==

* [[VBR]] (Variable Bitrate/Variable Bitrate Coding)

==W==

* [[WAV]]
* [[Wavelet]]
* [[WMA]]

Noise shaping

2004-10-24T13:47:40Z

Jasper:

'''Noise shaping''' is a technique used to "push" some of the noise in a signal to a part of the spectrum where we can't hear it. This doesn't decrease the amount of noise in a signal, it just makes it less apparent to any human listeners. It can be used in a variety of cases but is absolutely necessary for example when using [[Sigma Delta Modulation]] (a sampling technique used with [[SACD]]'s).

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Container formats

2004-10-24T13:37:10Z

Jasper:

A ''container format'' is a file format used to contain data in various formats (usually audio/video data) in a uniform manner. This makes it possible for the designers of the contained formats to pay less attention to issues like [[Metadata]] and cooperating with other formats. Examples of [[Container Formats|container formats]] are [[Matroska]], [[AVI]] and [[Ogg]].

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Codec

2004-10-24T13:28:55Z

Jasper:

'''Codec''' stands for coder/decoder or compression/decompression algorithm. A codec is used to encode and decode different types of data, such as audio or video signals. Examples are [[MP3]] audio or mpeg-4 video (see [[MPEG-4 Visual]]). Codecs can be used with both [[Streaming]] (live video or audio) or file-based (e.g. avi, wav) content.

Metadata

2004-10-24T13:21:43Z

Jasper:

'''Metadata''' is data about data. Common occurences are the tags that often accompany audio files (containing information like the title and artist of the file) or the modified date/time associated with a file.

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APE tags

2004-10-24T13:17:29Z

Jasper:

There are two versions of APE Tags. Version 1 (APEv1) is used by some versions of [[Monkey's Audio]], is stored at the end of a file and allows for tags with any name.

Version 2 (APEv2) is used by (and originally developed for) [[Musepack]], it is now also used in [[Monkey's Audio]]. It can also be used with other formats when using programs like [[Foobar2000]] or Tag (a program that can create and read tags). It is comparable in functionality to VorbisComment. Just like VorbisComment it defines some standard fields, but it also defines some formats for those fields (like what a date should look like).

APEv2 also differs from [[Vorbis Comment]] in the way lists of values are handled. Suppose a certain song has two artists. In [[Vorbis Comment]] this will result in two ARTIST entries, but in APEv2 this will result in one Artist field with the two artists separated by a null character (a byte with the value zero).

=== External links ===
----

* [http://www.personal.uni-jena.de/~pfk/mpp/sv8/apetag.html APEv2 specification]

APE tags

2004-10-24T13:14:52Z

Jasper:

There are two versions of APE Tags. Version 1 (APEv1) is used by some versions of [[Monkey's Audio]], is stored at the end of a file and allows for tags with any name.

Version 2 (APEv2) is used by (and originally developed for) MPC, it is now also used in [[Monkey's Audio]]. It can also be used with other formats when using programs like [foobar2000]? or Tag (a program that can create and read tags). It is comparable in functionality to VorbisComment. Just like VorbisComment it defines some standard fields, but it also defines some formats for those fields (like what a date should look like).

APEv2 also differs from VorbisComment in the way lists of values are handled. Suppose a certain song has two artists. In VorbisComment this will result in two ARTIST entries, but in APEv2 this will result in one Artist field with the two artists separated by a null character (a byte with the value zero).

=== External links ===
----

* [http://www.personal.uni-jena.de/~pfk/mpp/sv8/apetag.html APEv2 specification]