Hydrogenaudio Knowledgebase - User contributions [en]

User talk:Aoyumi

2006-01-12T11:59:09Z

Aoyumi:

I am known as the author of aoTuV.

Recommended Ogg Vorbis

2006-01-12T11:55:18Z

Aoyumi: channnel coupling is always used.

[[image:fish_logo.png|right|]]
[[Ogg Vorbis|Vorbis]], being a continuously developed standard, improves all the time. Plus, being an open (i.e. patent-free) standard, it has many 'third-parties' that produces, and most of the time, improves, its utilities.

Here you can find some guidelines on which utilities to use, and what settings will provide you with the best quality.

=History=

(For a highly detailed description of Vorbis history, check out OggZealot's [http://www.hydrogenaudio.org/forums/index.php?showtopic=15274&view=findpost&p=153268 Ogg Vorbis Historic] where Monty also adds a few more details too). Ogg Vorbis reached version 1.0 in '''July 2002'''. It is the official [http://www.xiph.org/ Xiph.org] encoder ''(the one you get from vorbis.com)''. HA codec developer, Garf, did his own tunings, based on version 1.0 to produce GT3b1 and GT3b2. Both encoders showed improved [[pre echo]] handling for ''q'' values of ''5 to 10''. It was later judged in an internal listening test that GT3b1 was the better of the two. There was a minor bugfix update earlier that year in March, which only appeared in the CVS at Xiph.org. This consisted of very minor bug fixes, which do more to correct odd problems that may occur rather than improving quality, including ''(garbled noise output and gaps in streams)''. This was referred to as Post 1.0 CVS. Quality problems that mainly affected low bitrates were later addressed in a new bugfix ''(1.0.1)'' that was released.

Post 1.0.1 CVS was released late '''December 2003''' by Monty at Xiph, and includes a true [[CBR]] template. In order to simplify the situation where we had two encoders ''(1.0.1 and GT3b1)'', OggDropXPd developer John33 merged the sources to give us GT3b2. Once the 128 kbps multiformat test was completed, Aoyumi's [[aoTuV]] Vorbis tuning was determined to be the best Vorbis encoder. After the success of aoTuV beta 2 encoder, Xiph.Org merged their tunings into the official CVS branch to produce the long-awaited Vorbis 1.1. Aoyumi's later release of '''aoTuV beta 4''' encoder as of '''November 2005''' significantly improves Vorbis' quality while enhancing the compression. It is now the recommended encoder by 3rd party developers at Hydrogenaudio. Aoyumi's latest is '''aoTuV beta 4.5''' (later bugfixed with '''aoTuV beta 4.51''') released in '''December 2005''', which improves low bit-rate quality even more. However, it is still undergoing peer review before it becomes the recommended encoder. Near the end of 2005, after aoTuV beta 4.51 is released, Xiph.org released '''Vorbis 1.1.2''', which only provides bugfixes to Vorbis 1.1.1. So, although this is the 'official' version, it is '''not recommended'''.

''Note: Xiph.org does not maintain the binaries, but rather provides newest updates and releases to libogg and libvorbis, etc.''

=Recommended Vorbis Encoders=

(adapted from [http://www.hydrogenaudio.org/forums/index.php?showtopic=15049 Recommended Encoder and Settings] post compiled by QuantumKnot)

==Windows binaries==

John33's oggenc2.8 is a special version of the Ogg Vorbis encoder. "Features include compression from lossless files (Monkeys Audio, LPAC, FLAC, OptimFROG, WavPack and Shorten - requires presence of decoders), and the ability to specify 'padding' in the headers for subsequent insertion of Tags." (from Ogg Vorbis page at rarewares)

* '''[http://www.rarewares.org/dancer/dancer.php?f=59 aoTuV beta 4.51 (MSVC compile)]'''
* '''[http://www.rarewares.org/dancer/dancer.php?f=60 aoTuV beta 4.51 (ICL compile for P3/AMD Athlon)]'''
* '''[http://www.rarewares.org/dancer/dancer.php?f=61 aoTuV beta 4.51 (ICL compile for P4/AMD Sempron, Athlon 64))]'''

If you prefer a nice drag-and-drop interface, then you can try John33's OggDropXPd (Windows only). "Features include compression from lossless files ([[Monkey's Audio]], [[LPAC]], [[FLAC]] and [[OptimFROG]]), auto-tagging, renaming of encoded files, setting of advanced encoder parameters, use of VorbisGain tags on decode, Playlist (.m3u) creation, and others." (from Ogg Vorbis page at rarewares)

* '''[http://www.rarewares.org/dancer/dancer.php?f=50 OggDropXPd aoTuV beta 4.51 (MSVC compile)]'''
* '''[http://www.rarewares.org/dancer/dancer.php?f=51 OggDropXPd aoTuV beta 4.51 (ICL compile for P3/AMD Athlon)]'''
* '''[http://www.rarewares.org/dancer/dancer.php?f=52 OggDropXPd aoTuV beta 4.51 (ICL compile for P4/AMD Sempron, Athlon 64)]'''

''(work in progress, guide will be completed soon)''

==Linux binaries==

* '''[http://www.rarewares.org/quantumknot/oggenc-aotuv451.gz oggenc aoTuV beta 4.51 and libogg 1.1.3 (static gcc 4 compile)]''' '''with impulse_trigger_profile'''

The static GCC 4 binary was compiled by QuantumKnot.

==3rd party source code==

* '''[http://www.geocities.jp/aoyoume/aotuv/ aoTuV Homepage]''' -- contains modified source code written in C and downloads of binaries.

The source-code contains modifications mostly to the psychacoustics model and bitrate allocation, i.e ''psy.c'' and ''bitrate.c''

These are other Ogg Vorbis encoders that were tuned by 3rd party developers (outside of Xiph.Org).

'''aoTuV beta 4''' '''Now the recommended encoder'''

Developed by Aoyumi and based on libvorbis 1.1.1, many people have reported this encoder to give better quality at low to medium bitrates. It includes a -q -2 option for the lowest bitrate. According to guruboolez' latest listening test on classical music, aoTuV beta 4 performed magnificently well at -q 6!! ''(see Aoyumi's website for information above)''

'''aoTuV beta 4.51''' '''The latest encoder'''

Many HydrogenAudio enthusiasts report that this version gives even better quality for low bit-rates. -q 1.5 becomes acceptable, even good enough, and -q 4 is now near-transparent! However, more peer review is needed before this version becomes the recommended encoder.

==Optimized binaries==

These are highly optimized encoders developed by the '''[http://homepage3.nifty.com/blacksword/index_e.htm Ogg Vorbis Acceleration Project]''' that are much faster than the standard binary builds with negligible to nearly no effects on audio quality, including sped-up routines, i.e ''mdct.c''

* '''[http://homepage3.nifty.com/blacksword/oggenc2_lancer20050709.zip oggenc2.6 aoTuV beta 4 (Lancer 20050709) (Win32 Build)]'''
* '''[http://homepage3.nifty.com/blacksword/oggenc2_lancer20051121.zip oggenc2.6 aoTuV beta 4.51 (Lancer 20051121) (Win32 Build)]''' -- ''Latest version''

See [[Lancer]] Information and downloads page above.

''Note: Output of Lancer may be slightly different from output of 'standard' aoTuV. This is due to the difference of floating-point rounding: Lancer uses 64-bit SSE, while standard aoTuV uses 80-bit FP. This difference, however, should not be audible at all. In fact, tests have proven that playback of Lancer's output is indistinguishable from playback of standard aoTuV output.''

=Recommended Encoder Settings=

'''Refer to the table below. For best results, start at -q 4 and''' [[ABX]] '''your way up.''' 
''Ultimately, the best -q setting will depend on your specific needs. Feel free to experiment.'' 


'''General Command Line Usage:'''

'''oggenc -q n'' inputfile.wav'' '''

:'''where n is a number from -1 to 10''' e.g. '''oggenc -q 5 ''inputfile.wav'' ''' '' '''Note:''' Most standard oggenc binaries can input FLACs as well ! ''


''It should be noted that Vorbis supports fractional numbers, e.g. 5.50 (or 5,50, depending on where the tool is compiled.) ''

{| border="0" style="margin-left:50px; color:green; background-color:white; border:1px dotted green; text-align:center;" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0"
|- style="background-color: #cccccc;"
! Switch !! VBR target (kbit/s) !! VBR range (kbit/s) !! [[Channel coupling|Channel Coupling]] !! [[Noise normalization|Noise Normalization]] !! Note
|-
| -q -2 || ~32 || ~32 - ~64 || point/lossless || yes || (1)
|- style="background-color: #cccccc;"
| -q -1 || ~48 || ~48 - ~64 || point/lossless || yes || (2)
|-
| -q 0 || ~64 || ~64 - ~80 || point/lossless || yes ||
|- style="background-color: #cccccc;"
| -q 1 || ~80 || ~80 - ~96 || point/lossless || yes || (3)
|-
| -q 2 || ~96 || ~96 - ~112 || point/lossless || yes ||
|- style="background-color: #cccccc;"
| -q 3 || ~112 || ~112 - ~128 || point/lossless || yes ||
|-
| -q 4 || ~128 || ~128 - ~160 || point/lossless || no ||
|- style="background-color: #cccccc;"
| -q 5 || ~160 || ~160 - ~192 || point/lossless || no || (4)
|-
| -q 6 || ~192 || ~192 - ~224 || lossless || no ||
|- style="background-color: #cccccc;"
| -q 7 || ~224 || ~224 - ~256 || lossless || no ||
|-
| -q 8 || ~256 || ~256 - ~320 || lossless || no ||
|- style="background-color: #cccccc;"
| -q 9 || ~320 || ~320 - ~500 || lossless || no ||
|-
| -q 10 || ~500 || ~500 - ~1000 || lossless || no ||
|}

'' '''(1)''' Only supported on aoTuVb4 and newer '' 
'' '''(2)''' Bitrate of 48 kbit/s is only for aoTuVb4 and newer. Earlier versions and Xiph.org versions use a bitrate of 45 kbit/s '' 
'' '''(3)''' Reports seem to indicate that aoTuVb4.51 -q 1.5 provides good quality for streaming '' 
'' '''(4)''' Most people agree -q 5 achieves transparency''

=Advanced Encoder Settings=

===Reducing Pre-echo===
''This is applicable with Vorbis 1.1; it may not be applicable to aoTuVb4 or aoTuVb4.51.''

Generally, using the recommended settings above will give the best quality. However, there may be cases where Vorbis 1.1 will fail to reproduce sharp attacks or transients in your music, causing [[pre echo]]. In which case, you can use the '''impulse_noisetune''' advanced encode switch:

'''oggenc -q '''n''' --advanced-encode-option impulse_noisetune=p inputfile.wav'''
:'''where '''p''' is a number from 0 to -15'''

Note that the lower the number (toward -15) for impulse_noisetune, the higher the bitrate will fluctuate in passages of music filled with transient attacks (and the final average bitrate may be much higher than the nominal). Therefore, you should try a small value to start off (say -5) and see if you get acceptable quality. If not, tweak it lower.

===Reducing noise due to microattacks===
''This is only valid for some Vorbis encoders that are marked as having '''''impulse_trigger_profile'''.

There are certain parts of some types of music, called "microattacks", where Vorbis will produce a noise (sort of like a puff of steam), which is due to inaccuracies in the block-switching algorithm. Because the attacks are so fine and close together, Vorbis doesn't switch to short blocks enough which "smears" the reproduction.

By default (with no additional switches), Vorbis selects a different profile for block switching (lower means less switching, higher means higher switching) and the default values are shown in the table below:

{| border="0" style="margin-left: 150px; color:green; background-color:white; border:1px dotted green; text-align:center;" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0"
|- style="background-color: #cccccc;"
! Quality !! Profile !!   !! Quality !! Profile
|-
| -1 || 0 || || 5 || 2.5
|- style="background-color: #cccccc;"
| 0 || 1 || || 6 || 2.7
|-
| 1 || 1 || || 7 || 3
|- style="background-color: #cccccc;"
| 2 || 1.5 || || 8 || 3.7
|-
| 3 || 2 || || 9 || 4
|- style="background-color: #cccccc;"
| 4 || 2 || || 10 || 4
|}

If you encounter this problem on microattacks, you may try the impulse_trigger_profile advanced encode switch, which will change (increase) the profile to your desired value.

oggenc -q n --advanced-encode-option '''impulse_trigger_profile=r''' inputfile.wav
:''where ''r'' is a number from 0 to 4, fractions accepted.''

'''Notes:'''
* There is the possibility that relaxed block switching (higher profiles) may cause other quality problems and create suboptimal Vorbis files. So use sparingly and with caution. If in doubt, leave impulse_trigger_profile on default (that is, don't use it at all)
* Setting the profile too high will make Vorbis switch to short blocks more often, which will lead to higher bitrate fluctuations. So be conservative.
* This settings has no effect on reducing the level of pre-echo. It can be said to only reduce the ''likelihood'' of pre-echo, but the amount of pre-echo is tuned using the '''impulse_noisetune''' switch instead.
* You may try profiles 5 and 6 as substitutes for 3 and 4. Profile 5 and 6 came from 3 and 4 in GT3b2.

You can use both impulse_noisetune and impulse_trigger_profile at the same time, but you will need separate switches, e.g.

oggenc -q n --advanced-encode-option impulse_noisetune=p
--advanced-encode-option impulse_trigger_profile=r inputfile.wav

Recommended Ogg Vorbis

2006-01-10T14:39:10Z

Aoyumi: Deletion of an error.

[[image:fish_logo.png|right|]]
[[Ogg Vorbis|Vorbis]], being a continuously developed standard, improves all the time. Plus, being an open (i.e. patent-free) standard, it has many 'third-parties' that produces, and most of the time, improves, its utilities.

Here you can find some guidelines on which utilities to use, and what settings will provide you with the best quality.

=History=

(For a highly detailed description of Vorbis history, check out OggZealot's [http://www.hydrogenaudio.org/forums/index.php?showtopic=15274&view=findpost&p=153268 Ogg Vorbis Historic] where Monty also adds a few more details too). Ogg Vorbis reached version 1.0 in '''July 2002'''. It is the official [http://www.xiph.org/ Xiph.org] encoder ''(the one you get from vorbis.com)''. HA codec developer, Garf, did his own tunings, based on version 1.0 to produce GT3b1 and GT3b2. Both encoders showed improved [[pre echo]] handling for ''q'' values of ''5 to 10''. It was later judged in an internal listening test that GT3b1 was the better of the two. There was a minor bugfix update earlier that year in March, which only appeared in the CVS at Xiph.org. This consisted of very minor bug fixes, which do more to correct odd problems that may occur rather than improving quality, including ''(garbled noise output and gaps in streams)''. This was referred to as Post 1.0 CVS. Quality problems that mainly affected low bitrates were later addressed in a new bugfix ''(1.0.1)'' that was released.

Post 1.0.1 CVS was released late '''December 2003''' by Monty at Xiph, and includes a true [[CBR]] template. In order to simplify the situation where we had two encoders ''(1.0.1 and GT3b1)'', OggDropXPd developer John33 merged the sources to give us GT3b2. Once the 128 kbps multiformat test was completed, Aoyumi's [[aoTuV]] Vorbis tuning was determined to be the best Vorbis encoder. After the success of aoTuV beta 2 encoder, Xiph.Org merged their tunings into the official CVS branch to produce the long-awaited Vorbis 1.1. Aoyumi's later release of '''aoTuV beta 4''' encoder as of '''November 2005''' significantly improves Vorbis' quality while enhancing the compression. It is now the recommended encoder by 3rd party developers at Hydrogenaudio. Aoyumi's latest is '''aoTuV beta 4.5''' (later bugfixed with '''aoTuV beta 4.51''') released in '''December 2005''', which improves low bit-rate quality even more. However, it is still undergoing peer review before it becomes the recommended encoder. Near the end of 2005, after aoTuV beta 4.51 is released, Xiph.org released '''Vorbis 1.1.2''', which only provides bugfixes to Vorbis 1.1.1. So, although this is the 'official' version, it is '''not recommended'''.

''Note: Xiph.org does not maintain the binaries, but rather provides newest updates and releases to libogg and libvorbis, etc.''

=Recommended Vorbis Encoders=

(adapted from [http://www.hydrogenaudio.org/forums/index.php?showtopic=15049 Recommended Encoder and Settings] post compiled by QuantumKnot)

==Windows binaries==

John33's oggenc2.8 is a special version of the Ogg Vorbis encoder. "Features include compression from lossless files (Monkeys Audio, LPAC, FLAC, OptimFROG, WavPack and Shorten - requires presence of decoders), and the ability to specify 'padding' in the headers for subsequent insertion of Tags." (from Ogg Vorbis page at rarewares)

* '''[http://www.rarewares.org/dancer/dancer.php?f=59 aoTuV beta 4.51 (MSVC compile)]'''
* '''[http://www.rarewares.org/dancer/dancer.php?f=60 aoTuV beta 4.51 (ICL compile for P3/AMD Athlon)]'''
* '''[http://www.rarewares.org/dancer/dancer.php?f=61 aoTuV beta 4.51 (ICL compile for P4/AMD Sempron, Athlon 64))]'''

If you prefer a nice drag-and-drop interface, then you can try John33's OggDropXPd (Windows only). "Features include compression from lossless files ([[Monkey's Audio]], [[LPAC]], [[FLAC]] and [[OptimFROG]]), auto-tagging, renaming of encoded files, setting of advanced encoder parameters, use of VorbisGain tags on decode, Playlist (.m3u) creation, and others." (from Ogg Vorbis page at rarewares)

* '''[http://www.rarewares.org/dancer/dancer.php?f=50 OggDropXPd aoTuV beta 4.51 (MSVC compile)]'''
* '''[http://www.rarewares.org/dancer/dancer.php?f=51 OggDropXPd aoTuV beta 4.51 (ICL compile for P3/AMD Athlon)]'''
* '''[http://www.rarewares.org/dancer/dancer.php?f=52 OggDropXPd aoTuV beta 4.51 (ICL compile for P4/AMD Sempron, Athlon 64)]'''

''(work in progress, guide will be completed soon)''

==Linux binaries==

* '''[http://www.rarewares.org/quantumknot/oggenc-aotuv451.gz oggenc aoTuV beta 4.51 and libogg 1.1.3 (static gcc 4 compile)]''' '''with impulse_trigger_profile'''

The static GCC 4 binary was compiled by QuantumKnot.

==3rd party source code==

* '''[http://www.geocities.jp/aoyoume/aotuv/ aoTuV Homepage]''' -- contains modified source code written in C and downloads of binaries.

The source-code contains modifications mostly to the psychacoustics model and bitrate allocation, i.e ''psy.c'' and ''bitrate.c''

These are other Ogg Vorbis encoders that were tuned by 3rd party developers (outside of Xiph.Org).

'''aoTuV beta 4''' '''Now the recommended encoder'''

Developed by Aoyumi and based on libvorbis 1.1.1, many people have reported this encoder to give better quality at low to medium bitrates. It includes a -q -2 option for the lowest bitrate. According to guruboolez' latest listening test on classical music, aoTuV beta 4 performed magnificently well at -q 6!! ''(see Aoyumi's website for information above)''

'''aoTuV beta 4.51''' '''The latest encoder'''

Many HydrogenAudio enthusiasts report that this version gives even better quality for low bit-rates. -q 1.5 becomes acceptable, even good enough, and -q 4 is now near-transparent! However, more peer review is needed before this version becomes the recommended encoder.

==Optimized binaries==

These are highly optimized encoders developed by the '''[http://homepage3.nifty.com/blacksword/index_e.htm Ogg Vorbis Acceleration Project]''' that are much faster than the standard binary builds with negligible to nearly no effects on audio quality, including speed up routines, i.e ''mdct.c''

* '''[http://homepage3.nifty.com/blacksword/oggenc2_lancer20050709.zip oggenc2.6 aoTuV beta 4 (Lancer 20050709) (Win32 Build)]'''
* '''[http://homepage3.nifty.com/blacksword/oggenc2_lancer20051121.zip oggenc2.6 aoTuV beta 4.51 (Lancer 20051121) (Win32 Build)]''' -- ''Latest version''

See [[Lancer]] Information and downloads page above.

''Note: Output of Lancer may be slightly different from output of 'standard' aoTuV. This is due to the difference of floating-point rounding: Lancer uses 64-bit SSE, while standard aoTuV uses 80-bit FP. This difference, however, should not be audible at all. In fact, tests have proven that playback of Lancer's output is indistinguishable from playback of standard aoTuV output.''

=Recommended Encoder Settings=

'''Refer to the table below. For best results, start at -q 4 and''' [[ABX]] '''your way up.''' 
''Ultimately, the best -q setting will depend on your specific needs. Feel free to experiment.'' 


'''General Command Line Usage:'''

'''oggenc -q n'' inputfile.wav'' '''

:'''where n is a number from -1 to 10''' e.g. '''oggenc -q 5 ''inputfile.wav'' ''' '' '''Note:''' Most standard oggenc binaries can input FLACs as well ! ''


''It should be noted that Vorbis supports fractional numbers, e.g. 5.50 (or 5,50, depending on where the tool is compiled.) ''

{| border="0" style="margin-left:50px; color:green; background-color:white; border:1px dotted green; text-align:center;" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0"
|- style="background-color: #cccccc;"
! Switch !! VBR target (kbit/s) !! VBR range (kbit/s) !! [[Channel Coupling|Channel Coupling]] !! [[Noise Normalization|Noise Normalization]] !! Note
|-
| -q -2 || ~32 || ~32 - ~64 || yes || yes || (1)
|- style="background-color: #cccccc;"
| -q -1 || ~48 || ~48 - ~64 || yes || yes || (2)
|-
| -q 0 || ~64 || ~64 - ~80 || yes || yes ||
|- style="background-color: #cccccc;"
| -q 1 || ~80 || ~80 - ~96 || yes || yes || (3)
|-
| -q 2 || ~96 || ~96 - ~112 || yes || yes ||
|- style="background-color: #cccccc;"
| -q 3 || ~112 || ~112 - ~128 || yes || yes ||
|-
| -q 4 || ~128 || ~128 - ~160 || yes || no ||
|- style="background-color: #cccccc;"
| -q 5 || ~160 || ~160 - ~192 || yes || no || (4)
|-
| -q 6 || ~192 || ~192 - ~224 || no || no ||
|- style="background-color: #cccccc;"
| -q 7 || ~224 || ~224 - ~256 || no || no ||
|-
| -q 8 || ~256 || ~256 - ~320 || no || no ||
|- style="background-color: #cccccc;"
| -q 9 || ~320 || ~320 - ~500 || no || no ||
|-
| -q 10 || ~500 || ~500 - ~1000 || no || no ||
|}

'' '''(1)''' Only supported on aoTuVb4 and newer '' 
'' '''(2)''' Bitrate of 48 kbit/s is only for aoTuVb4 and newer. Earlier versions and Xiph.org versions use a bitrate of 45 kbit/s '' 
'' '''(3)''' Reports seem to indicate that aoTuVb4.51 -q 1.5 provides good quality for streaming '' 
'' '''(4)''' Most people agree -q 5 achieves transparency''

=Advanced Encoder Settings=

===Reducing Pre-echo===
''This is applicable with Vorbis 1.1; it may not be applicable to aoTuVb4 or aoTuVb4.51.''

Generally, using the recommended settings above will give the best quality. However, there may be cases where Vorbis 1.1 will fail to reproduce sharp attacks or transients in your music, causing [[pre echo]]. In which case, you can use the '''impulse_noisetune''' advanced encode switch:

oggenc -q n --advanced-encode-option '''impulse_noisetune=p''' inputfile.wav
:''where ''p'' is a number from 0 to -15''

Note that the lower the number (toward -15) for impulse_noisetune, the higher the bitrate will fluctuate in passages of music filled with transient attacks (and the final average bitrate may be much higher than the nominal). Therefore, you should try a small value to start off (say -5) and see if you get acceptable quality. If not, tweak it lower.

===Reducing noise due to microattacks===
''This is only valid for some Vorbis encoders that are marked as having'' '''impulse_trigger_profile'''.

There are certain parts of some types of music, called "microattacks", where Vorbis will produce a noise (sort of like a puff of steam), which is due to inaccuracies in the block-switching algorithm. Because the attacks are so fine and close together, Vorbis doesn't switch to short blocks enough which "smears" the reproduction.

By default (with no additional switches), Vorbis selects a different profile for block switching (lower means less switching, higher means higher switching) and the default values are shown in the table below:

{| border="0" style="margin-left: 150px; color:green; background-color:white; border:1px dotted green; text-align:center;" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0"
|- style="background-color: #cccccc;"
! Quality !! Profile !!   !! Quality !! Profile
|-
| -1 || 0 || || 5 || 2.5
|- style="background-color: #cccccc;"
| 0 || 1 || || 6 || 2.7
|-
| 1 || 1 || || 7 || 3
|- style="background-color: #cccccc;"
| 2 || 1.5 || || 8 || 3.7
|-
| 3 || 2 || || 9 || 4
|- style="background-color: #cccccc;"
| 4 || 2 || || 10 || 4
|}

If you encounter this problem on microattacks, you may try the impulse_trigger_profile advanced encode switch, which will change (increase) the profile to your desired value.

oggenc -q n --advanced-encode-option '''impulse_trigger_profile=r''' inputfile.wav
:''where ''r'' is a number from 0 to 4, fractions accepted.''

'''Notes:'''
* There is the possibility that relaxed block switching (higher profiles) may cause other quality problems and create suboptimal Vorbis files. So use sparingly and with caution. If in doubt, leave impulse_trigger_profile on default (that is, don't use it at all)
* Setting the profile too high will make Vorbis switch to short blocks more often, which will lead to higher bitrate fluctuations. So be conservative.
* This settings has no effect on reducing the level of pre-echo. It can be said to only reduce the ''likelihood'' of pre-echo, but the amount of pre-echo is tuned using the '''impulse_noisetune''' switch instead.
* You may try profiles 5 and 6 as substitutes for 3 and 4. Profile 5 and 6 came from 3 and 4 in GT3b2.

You can use both impulse_noisetune and impulse_trigger_profile at the same time, but you will need separate switches, e.g.

oggenc -q n --advanced-encode-option impulse_noisetune=p
--advanced-encode-option impulse_trigger_profile=r inputfile.wav

Recommended Ogg Vorbis

2006-01-10T14:36:01Z

Aoyumi: Correction of the Noise Normalization item (current encoders)

[[image:fish_logo.png|right|]]
[[Ogg Vorbis|Vorbis]], being a continuously developed standard, improves all the time. Plus, being an open (i.e. patent-free) standard, it has many 'third-parties' that produces, and most of the time, improves, its utilities.

Here you can find some guidelines on which utilities to use, and what settings will provide you with the best quality.

=History=

(For a highly detailed description of Vorbis history, check out OggZealot's [http://www.hydrogenaudio.org/forums/index.php?showtopic=15274&view=findpost&p=153268 Ogg Vorbis Historic] where Monty also adds a few more details too). Ogg Vorbis reached version 1.0 in '''July 2002'''. It is the official [http://www.xiph.org/ Xiph.org] encoder ''(the one you get from vorbis.com)''. HA codec developer, Garf, did his own tunings, based on version 1.0 to produce GT3b1 and GT3b2. Both encoders showed improved [[pre echo]] handling for ''q'' values of ''5 to 10''. It was later judged in an internal listening test that GT3b1 was the better of the two. There was a minor bugfix update earlier that year in March, which only appeared in the CVS at Xiph.org. This consisted of very minor bug fixes, which do more to correct odd problems that may occur rather than improving quality, including ''(garbled noise output and gaps in streams)''. This was referred to as Post 1.0 CVS. Quality problems that mainly affected low bitrates were later addressed in a new bugfix ''(1.0.1)'' that was released.

Post 1.0.1 CVS was released late '''December 2003''' by Monty at Xiph, and includes a true [[CBR]] template. In order to simplify the situation where we had two encoders ''(1.0.1 and GT3b1)'', OggDropXPd developer John33 merged the sources to give us GT3b2. Once the 128 kbps multiformat test was completed, Aoyumi's [[aoTuV]] Vorbis tuning was determined to be the best Vorbis encoder. After the success of aoTuV beta 2 encoder, Xiph.Org merged their tunings into the official CVS branch to produce the long-awaited Vorbis 1.1. Aoyumi's later release of '''aoTuV beta 4''' encoder as of '''November 2005''' significantly improves Vorbis' quality while enhancing the compression. It is now the recommended encoder by 3rd party developers at Hydrogenaudio. Aoyumi's latest is '''aoTuV beta 4.5''' (later bugfixed with '''aoTuV beta 4.51''') released in '''December 2005''', which improves low bit-rate quality even more. However, it is still undergoing peer review before it becomes the recommended encoder. Near the end of 2005, after aoTuV beta 4.51 is released, Xiph.org released '''Vorbis 1.1.2''', which only provides bugfixes to Vorbis 1.1.1 (a merging of Vorbis 1.1 with aoTuV beta 3). So, although this is the 'official' version, it is '''not recommended'''.

''Note: Xiph.org does not maintain the binaries, but rather provides newest updates and releases to libogg and libvorbis, etc.''

=Recommended Vorbis Encoders=

(adapted from [http://www.hydrogenaudio.org/forums/index.php?showtopic=15049 Recommended Encoder and Settings] post compiled by QuantumKnot)

==Windows binaries==

John33's oggenc2.8 is a special version of the Ogg Vorbis encoder. "Features include compression from lossless files (Monkeys Audio, LPAC, FLAC, OptimFROG, WavPack and Shorten - requires presence of decoders), and the ability to specify 'padding' in the headers for subsequent insertion of Tags." (from Ogg Vorbis page at rarewares)

* '''[http://www.rarewares.org/dancer/dancer.php?f=59 aoTuV beta 4.51 (MSVC compile)]'''
* '''[http://www.rarewares.org/dancer/dancer.php?f=60 aoTuV beta 4.51 (ICL compile for P3/AMD Athlon)]'''
* '''[http://www.rarewares.org/dancer/dancer.php?f=61 aoTuV beta 4.51 (ICL compile for P4/AMD Sempron, Athlon 64))]'''

If you prefer a nice drag-and-drop interface, then you can try John33's OggDropXPd (Windows only). "Features include compression from lossless files ([[Monkey's Audio]], [[LPAC]], [[FLAC]] and [[OptimFROG]]), auto-tagging, renaming of encoded files, setting of advanced encoder parameters, use of VorbisGain tags on decode, Playlist (.m3u) creation, and others." (from Ogg Vorbis page at rarewares)

* '''[http://www.rarewares.org/dancer/dancer.php?f=50 OggDropXPd aoTuV beta 4.51 (MSVC compile)]'''
* '''[http://www.rarewares.org/dancer/dancer.php?f=51 OggDropXPd aoTuV beta 4.51 (ICL compile for P3/AMD Athlon)]'''
* '''[http://www.rarewares.org/dancer/dancer.php?f=52 OggDropXPd aoTuV beta 4.51 (ICL compile for P4/AMD Sempron, Athlon 64)]'''

''(work in progress, guide will be completed soon)''

==Linux binaries==

* '''[http://www.rarewares.org/quantumknot/oggenc-aotuv451.gz oggenc aoTuV beta 4.51 and libogg 1.1.3 (static gcc 4 compile)]''' '''with impulse_trigger_profile'''

The static GCC 4 binary was compiled by QuantumKnot.

==3rd party source code==

* '''[http://www.geocities.jp/aoyoume/aotuv/ aoTuV Homepage]''' -- contains modified source code written in C and downloads of binaries.

The source-code contains modifications mostly to the psychacoustics model and bitrate allocation, i.e ''psy.c'' and ''bitrate.c''

These are other Ogg Vorbis encoders that were tuned by 3rd party developers (outside of Xiph.Org).

'''aoTuV beta 4''' '''Now the recommended encoder'''

Developed by Aoyumi and based on libvorbis 1.1.1, many people have reported this encoder to give better quality at low to medium bitrates. It includes a -q -2 option for the lowest bitrate. According to guruboolez' latest listening test on classical music, aoTuV beta 4 performed magnificently well at -q 6!! ''(see Aoyumi's website for information above)''

'''aoTuV beta 4.51''' '''The latest encoder'''

Many HydrogenAudio enthusiasts report that this version gives even better quality for low bit-rates. -q 1.5 becomes acceptable, even good enough, and -q 4 is now near-transparent! However, more peer review is needed before this version becomes the recommended encoder.

==Optimized binaries==

These are highly optimized encoders developed by the '''[http://homepage3.nifty.com/blacksword/index_e.htm Ogg Vorbis Acceleration Project]''' that are much faster than the standard binary builds with negligible to nearly no effects on audio quality, including speed up routines, i.e ''mdct.c''

* '''[http://homepage3.nifty.com/blacksword/oggenc2_lancer20050709.zip oggenc2.6 aoTuV beta 4 (Lancer 20050709) (Win32 Build)]'''
* '''[http://homepage3.nifty.com/blacksword/oggenc2_lancer20051121.zip oggenc2.6 aoTuV beta 4.51 (Lancer 20051121) (Win32 Build)]''' -- ''Latest version''

See [[Lancer]] Information and downloads page above.

''Note: Output of Lancer may be slightly different from output of 'standard' aoTuV. This is due to the difference of floating-point rounding: Lancer uses 64-bit SSE, while standard aoTuV uses 80-bit FP. This difference, however, should not be audible at all. In fact, tests have proven that playback of Lancer's output is indistinguishable from playback of standard aoTuV output.''

=Recommended Encoder Settings=

'''Refer to the table below. For best results, start at -q 4 and''' [[ABX]] '''your way up.''' 
''Ultimately, the best -q setting will depend on your specific needs. Feel free to experiment.'' 


'''General Command Line Usage:'''

'''oggenc -q n'' inputfile.wav'' '''

:'''where n is a number from -1 to 10''' e.g. '''oggenc -q 5 ''inputfile.wav'' ''' '' '''Note:''' Most standard oggenc binaries can input FLACs as well ! ''


''It should be noted that Vorbis supports fractional numbers, e.g. 5.50 (or 5,50, depending on where the tool is compiled.) ''

{| border="0" style="margin-left:50px; color:green; background-color:white; border:1px dotted green; text-align:center;" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0"
|- style="background-color: #cccccc;"
! Switch !! VBR target (kbit/s) !! VBR range (kbit/s) !! [[Channel Coupling|Channel Coupling]] !! [[Noise Normalization|Noise Normalization]] !! Note
|-
| -q -2 || ~32 || ~32 - ~64 || yes || yes || (1)
|- style="background-color: #cccccc;"
| -q -1 || ~48 || ~48 - ~64 || yes || yes || (2)
|-
| -q 0 || ~64 || ~64 - ~80 || yes || yes ||
|- style="background-color: #cccccc;"
| -q 1 || ~80 || ~80 - ~96 || yes || yes || (3)
|-
| -q 2 || ~96 || ~96 - ~112 || yes || yes ||
|- style="background-color: #cccccc;"
| -q 3 || ~112 || ~112 - ~128 || yes || yes ||
|-
| -q 4 || ~128 || ~128 - ~160 || yes || no ||
|- style="background-color: #cccccc;"
| -q 5 || ~160 || ~160 - ~192 || yes || no || (4)
|-
| -q 6 || ~192 || ~192 - ~224 || no || no ||
|- style="background-color: #cccccc;"
| -q 7 || ~224 || ~224 - ~256 || no || no ||
|-
| -q 8 || ~256 || ~256 - ~320 || no || no ||
|- style="background-color: #cccccc;"
| -q 9 || ~320 || ~320 - ~500 || no || no ||
|-
| -q 10 || ~500 || ~500 - ~1000 || no || no ||
|}

'' '''(1)''' Only supported on aoTuVb4 and newer '' 
'' '''(2)''' Bitrate of 48 kbit/s is only for aoTuVb4 and newer. Earlier versions and Xiph.org versions use a bitrate of 45 kbit/s '' 
'' '''(3)''' Reports seem to indicate that aoTuVb4.51 -q 1.5 provides good quality for streaming '' 
'' '''(4)''' Most people agree -q 5 achieves transparency''

=Advanced Encoder Settings=

===Reducing Pre-echo===
''This is applicable with Vorbis 1.1; it may not be applicable to aoTuVb4 or aoTuVb4.51.''

Generally, using the recommended settings above will give the best quality. However, there may be cases where Vorbis 1.1 will fail to reproduce sharp attacks or transients in your music, causing [[pre echo]]. In which case, you can use the '''impulse_noisetune''' advanced encode switch:

oggenc -q n --advanced-encode-option '''impulse_noisetune=p''' inputfile.wav
:''where ''p'' is a number from 0 to -15''

Note that the lower the number (toward -15) for impulse_noisetune, the higher the bitrate will fluctuate in passages of music filled with transient attacks (and the final average bitrate may be much higher than the nominal). Therefore, you should try a small value to start off (say -5) and see if you get acceptable quality. If not, tweak it lower.

===Reducing noise due to microattacks===
''This is only valid for some Vorbis encoders that are marked as having'' '''impulse_trigger_profile'''.

There are certain parts of some types of music, called "microattacks", where Vorbis will produce a noise (sort of like a puff of steam), which is due to inaccuracies in the block-switching algorithm. Because the attacks are so fine and close together, Vorbis doesn't switch to short blocks enough which "smears" the reproduction.

By default (with no additional switches), Vorbis selects a different profile for block switching (lower means less switching, higher means higher switching) and the default values are shown in the table below:

{| border="0" style="margin-left: 150px; color:green; background-color:white; border:1px dotted green; text-align:center;" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0"
|- style="background-color: #cccccc;"
! Quality !! Profile !!   !! Quality !! Profile
|-
| -1 || 0 || || 5 || 2.5
|- style="background-color: #cccccc;"
| 0 || 1 || || 6 || 2.7
|-
| 1 || 1 || || 7 || 3
|- style="background-color: #cccccc;"
| 2 || 1.5 || || 8 || 3.7
|-
| 3 || 2 || || 9 || 4
|- style="background-color: #cccccc;"
| 4 || 2 || || 10 || 4
|}

If you encounter this problem on microattacks, you may try the impulse_trigger_profile advanced encode switch, which will change (increase) the profile to your desired value.

oggenc -q n --advanced-encode-option '''impulse_trigger_profile=r''' inputfile.wav
:''where ''r'' is a number from 0 to 4, fractions accepted.''

'''Notes:'''
* There is the possibility that relaxed block switching (higher profiles) may cause other quality problems and create suboptimal Vorbis files. So use sparingly and with caution. If in doubt, leave impulse_trigger_profile on default (that is, don't use it at all)
* Setting the profile too high will make Vorbis switch to short blocks more often, which will lead to higher bitrate fluctuations. So be conservative.
* This settings has no effect on reducing the level of pre-echo. It can be said to only reduce the ''likelihood'' of pre-echo, but the amount of pre-echo is tuned using the '''impulse_noisetune''' switch instead.
* You may try profiles 5 and 6 as substitutes for 3 and 4. Profile 5 and 6 came from 3 and 4 in GT3b2.

You can use both impulse_noisetune and impulse_trigger_profile at the same time, but you will need separate switches, e.g.

oggenc -q n --advanced-encode-option impulse_noisetune=p
--advanced-encode-option impulse_trigger_profile=r inputfile.wav