ID3v1

2022-05-15T21:54:12Z

93.66.150.58: Extra genres

The audio formats MPEG layer I, layer II, and layer III (MP3) have no native way of saving information about the contents, except for some simple yes/no parameters like "private", "copyrighted", and "original home" (meaning this is the original file and not a copy). A solution to this problem was introduced with the program "Studio3" by Eric Kemp, alias NamkraD, in 1996. By adding a small chunk of extra data at the end of the file, one could get the MP3 file to carry information about the audio and not just the audio itself.

The placement of the tag, as the data was called, was probably chosen as there was little chance that it would disturb decoders. In order to make it easy to detect, a fixed size of 128 bytes was chosen. The tag has the following layout:

{|align=center border="0" cellpadding="5"
|[[Image:id3v1_blocks.png|frame|left|Example Id3v1 Tag]]
|
{| align=right border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0"
| Header || 3 characters
|-
| Song title || 30 characters
|-
| Artist || 30 characters
|-
| Album || 30 characters
|-
| Year || 4 characters
|-
| Comment || 30 characters
|-
| Genre || 1 byte
|}
|}

If we sum the size of all these fields, we see that 30+30+30+4+30+1 equals 125 bytes and not 128 bytes. The missing three bytes can be found at the very beginning of the tag, before the song title. These three bytes are always "TAG", which is the identification that this is indeed a ID3 tag. The easiest way to find a ID3v1/1.1 tag is to look for the word "TAG" 128 bytes from the end of a file.

As not all artists have a 30-character name, it is said that if there are some bytes left after the information is entered in the field, those bytes should be filled with the binary value 0. You might also think that you cannot write that much in the genre field, being one byte big, but it is clever than that. The byte value you enter in the genre field corresponds to a value in a predefined list. The list that Eric Kemp created had 80 entries, ranging from 0 to 79.
Then-dominant player software [[Winamp]] extended this list twice by 1998, and further in 2010,<ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_ID3v1_Genres Wikipedia: List of ID3v1 Genres]</ref> for up to 191 recognized genres.

==Additional Reading==
* [[ID3v1.1]]
* [[ID3v2]]

<references />

==Copyright==
This material is copyrighted by [http://www.id3.org/copy.html Martin Nilsson], taken from [http://www.id3.org/id3v1.html ID3 made easy ].

[[Category:Metadata]]
[[Category:MP3]]

Topic Index

2022-04-24T14:43:38Z

93.66.150.58: /* Subjective Perceptual */ foo_abx

* For a more structured 'table of contents', use the '''[[Main Page#Categories|Categories List]]'''.
* Please see [http://www.hydrogenaudio.org/forums/index.php?showtopic=12979&st=25&p=247441&#entry247441 this thread] for a discussion of the future structure of this wiki. If you have thoughts, comments, suggestions, etc., please join in this discussion. In the meantime, please feel free to fill in gaps in the information below.
* See also [http://www.hydrogenaudio.org/forums/index.php?showtopic=28658 the style related discussion thread] in the forums.

= General Information =
== General Guides ==
* [[Create a long-term archive]]
* [[Secure ripping|Secure Ripping]]
* [[Enabling DMA]]
* [[Choosing_the_best_codec.|Choosing the best codec]]
* [[Lossless_comparison|Lossless Comparison]]

== EAC Guides ==
* Configuring [[EAC Drive Configuration|EAC and CD-ROM Drives]]
* Configuring [[EAC and Lame]]
* Configuring [[EAC and AAC | EAC and Nero AAC]]
* Configuring [[EAC and Ogg Vorbis | EAC and Vorbis]]
* Configuring [[EAC and Musepack]]
* Configuring [[EAC and WavPack]]
* Configuring [[EAC and FLAC]]
* Configuring [[EAC and Monkey's Audio]]
* Configuring [[EAC and Cue Sheets]]
* Configuring EAC and [[REACT]]

== CDex Guides ==
* Configuring [[CDex Drive Configuration|CDex and CD-ROM Drives]]
* Configuring [[CDex and FLAC]]

== AAC Guides ==
* [[AAC_FAQ|AAC FAQ]] frequently asked questions in reguard to AAC the latest industry standard.
* [[AAC encoders|AAC Encoders]] known AAC encoder/decoder implementations and configuring them (Apple Itunes, Nero AAC, etc)
* [[Linux and Nero AAC]] a short guide for configuring Nero AAC encoder to run under Linux.

== Vorbis Guides ==
* [[Recommended_Ogg_Vorbis|Recommended encoders and settings for Vorbis]].
* [[Lancer|Ogg Vorbis Acceleration Project]] information reguarding optimized Vorbis binaries.
* [[OggDropXPd|OggDropXPd]] guide for encoding with John 33's popular drag-n-drop frontend.
* [[Compiling_aoTuV|Compiling AoTuV]] compiling the AoTuV binaries under Linux.

= Audio Codecs =
== [[Lossy]] ==
* [[Advanced Audio Coding]] (AAC)
* [[AC3]]
* [[ATRAC3]]
* [[DTS]]
* [[MP2]]
* [[MP3]]
* [[Musepack]] (MPC, MP+)
* [[Opus]]
* (Ogg) [[Vorbis]]
* [[QDesign]]
* [[VQF]]
* [[Windows Media Audio]] (WMA)

== [[Lossless]] ==
* [[ALAC|Apple Lossless]]
* [[ALS|Audio Lossless Coding]]
* [[DTS-HD|DTS Master Audio]]
* [[Free Lossless Audio Codec]] (FLAC)
* [[Lossless Audio]] (LA)
* [[Lossless Predictive Audio Compression]] (LPAC)
* [[Monkey's Audio]]
* [[OptimFROG]]
* [[Lossless comparison#RealAudio Lossless|RealAudio Lossless]]
* [[Shorten]]
* [[TTA|True Audio]]
* [[WavPack]]
* [[Windows Media Audio|WMA Lossless]]

= [[Metadata]] (Tags) =
* [[APEv1]]
* [[APEv2]]
* [[ID3v1]]
* [[ID3v1.1]]
* [[ID3v2]]
* [[Vorbis Comment]]

= Media Extractors =
== CD Extractors ==
* [[Audiograbber]] (Win32)
* [[CDex]] (Win32)
* [[cdparanoia]] (Posix)
* [[dBpowerAMP with AccurateRip]] (Win32)
* [[Exact_Audio_Copy|Exact Audio Copy]] (Win32)
* [[Grip]] (Posix)
* [[iTunes]] (Win32/Mac OS/X)
* [[MediaMonkey]] (Win32)
* [[Max]] (Mac OS/X)
* [[XLD]] (Mac OS/X)
* [[PlexTools]] (Win32)
* [[Rubyripper]] (Posix/Mac OS/X)
* [[Whipper]] (Posix)

== DVD Extractors ==
* [http://www.dvddecrypter.org.uk/ DVD Decrypter] (Win32)
* DVD-A / CPPM Decrypter (Win32/Posix)

= Media Players =
== Windows ==
* [[Apollo]]
* [[dBpowerAMP]]
* [[Foobar2000:Foobar2000|foobar2000]]
* [[iTunes]]
* [[MediaMonkey]]
* [[musikCube]]
* [[Quintessential Player]]
* [[VUplayer]]
* [[Winamp]]
* [[Windows Media Player]]
* [[wxMusik]]
* [[XMPlay]]
* [[WMPTSE]] (with WMP)

== Linux/BSD ==
* [[Amarok]]
* [[BMP]]
* [[Clementine]]
* [[JuK]]
* [[LAMIP]]
* [[Muine]]
* [[Music Player Daemon (MPD)]]
* [[Quod Libet]]
* [[Rhythmbox]]
* [[wxMusik]]
* [[XMMS]]

== Mac OS X (Non-BSD Specific) ==
* [[iTunes]]
* [[skiTunes]]
* [[Whamb]]

== Other ==
* [[CL-Amp]] (BeOS)

= Audio Editors =
== Windows ==
* [[Adobe Audition]] (previously known as ''Cool Edit'')
* [[Audacity]]
* [[Goldwave]]
* [http://www.sonymediasoftware.com/products/soundforgefamily.asp Sony Sound Forge] (Previously released by Sonic Foundry)

== Linux/BSD ==
* [[Ardour]]
* [[Audacity]]
* [[ReZound]]

== Mac OS X (Non-BSD Specific) ==
* [[Ardour]]
* [[Audacity]]

== Other ==
* [http://timidity.sourceforge.net/ Timidity++] (MIDI to PCM (WAV) converter)<br>Timidity++ synthesizes MIDI files (sequences) in real-time using Gravis UltraSound Soundfont patches (loosly based upon Wavetable Synthesis) to common digital audio file formats such as, WAV, AU, AIFF, Ogg Vorbis, FLAC, etc. Useful for those who want to bypass FM Synthesizers on their sound card's to hear MIDI sequence as it was intended to be heard.)

= Testing Software =
== Subjective Perceptual ==
* [[ABC/HR]]
* Foobar2000 plus [[foobar2000:Components/ABX Comparator (foo_abx)|foo_abx]]
* [[PCABX]]

== Objective ==
<font style="color:green;">''Note: Might be good to put something here about the problems of quality comparisons using graphs, frequency sweeps, etc.''</font>

* [[EAQUAL]]
* [[Rightmark_Audio_Analyzer|Rightmark Audio Analyzer]]

= Audio Hardware =
== PC Audio ==
* [[Terratec EWX 24/96]] (PCI)
* [[M-Audio Audiophile 24/96]] (PCI)
* [[M-Audio Revolution 5.1]] (PCI)
* [[M-Audio Revolution 7.1]] (PCI)
* [[Chaintech AV-710]] (PCI)
* [[E-MU 0404 24/192]] (PCI)
* [[ASUS Xonar D1]] (PCI)
* [[ASUS Xonar D2/PM]] (PCI)
* [[ASUS Xonar DSX]] (PCIe)

== Notebook Audio ==
* [[Echo Indigo IO 24/96]]

== Firewire ==
* [[E-MU 1212M 24/192]]
* [[M-Audio Firewire 410]]

== HiFi ==
* [[M-Audio Fast Track USB]]
* [[Slim Devices Squeezebox]]
* [[Slim Devices Transporter]]
* [[Hermstedt AG Hifidelio]]
* [[Olive Musica]]

== MIDI Interfaces ==
* M-Audio MIDISport Uno 1x1
* M-Audio MIDISport 2x2
* MOTU 5x5 Micro Lite
* MOTU Fastlane USB

== Digital Audio Players ==
=== Portable Flash ===
''(These players make use of a internal flash drive.)''
* [[Apple iPod]] Nano
* [[Apple iPod]] Shuffle
* Creative MuVo
* iRiver iFP Series
* MPIO lFP Series
* [[Rio Carbon]]

=== Portable HD ===
''(These players make use of a internal harddrive.)''
* [[Apple iPod]] with ''([http://www.rockbox.org/twiki/bin/view/Main/TargetStatus#iriver_H110_H115_H120_H140 Rockbox firmware])''
* [[Archos Jukebox with Rockbox Software]]
* [[Cowon iAudio]] with ''([http://www.rockbox.org/twiki/bin/view/Main/TargetStatus#iAudio_X5 Rockbox firmware])''
* [[iRiver H-Series]] with ''([http://www.rockbox.org/twiki/bin/view/Main/TargetStatus#iriver_H110_H115_H120_H140 Rockbox firmware])''
* [[MPIO H-Series]]
* [[Neuros]]
* [[Rio Karma]]
* [[Sandisk]] with ''([http://www.rockbox.org/twiki/bin/view/Main/TargetStatus#iAudio_X5 Rockbox firmware])''

=== Portable CD ===

=== Car Players ===
''(Car stereos that can read MP3, Vorbis, WMA, etc.).''
* [[Aiwa CDC-MP3]]
* [[Yakumo Ultrasound]]

===DVD Players===
* [[Neuston's Maestro DVX-1201]]

=== Firmware ===
* [[Rockbox]]

= Audio Theory =
== Analog Audio ==
* [[Tube Amplifiers]]
* [[Vinyl_Playback_and_Recording|Vinyl Audio]]

== Digital Audio ==
* [[Solid State Amplifiers]]
* [[ReplayGain]]

== Testing Methodology ==
* [[ABX]]
* [[EAQUAL]]

= Audio Development =
''note: Let's start with basic development tools (compilers, engineering tools, dev. libraries) until we think of more tools to add. I am also adding external links to books, tutorials, etc under resources.''

== Tools ==
* [http://www.mathworks.com/products/matlab/ MATLAB 7.0] commercial software for algorithmic design, developement, engineering, and scientific computing. (multi-platform support)
* [http://www.octave.org/ GNU Octave] open-source alternative software (GPL) to MATLAB for numerical computations, engineering, and scientific computing. (multi-platform support)
* [http://www.fftw.org/ FFTW] Is a C subroutine library for computing the Discrete Fourier transform (DFT) in one or more dimensions on real and complex inputs.
* [http://gcc.gnu.org/ GCC] THE GNU compiler collection for C, C++, Objective-C, Fortran, Java, and Ada.
* [http://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/emacs.html GNU Emacs] an extensible, customizable, self-documenting real-time display editor. Great for writing all types of source code especially on Unix. (multi-platform support)
* [http://www.bloodshed.net/devcpp.html DevCPP] free front-end IDE and compiler for the C and C++ languages. Delphi and C source code available. (Win 9x, NT, 2000, and XP)

== Resources ==
* [http://www.hydrogenaudio.org/forums/index.php?showforum=30 Scientific/R&D Forums] for Psychoacoustic, DSP, Electrical Engineering, theory, and coding related questions. (most questions are generally answered)
* [http://www.aes.org/ AES] The Audio Engineering Society website. Home of year-round world AES conferences.
* [http://www.dspguru.com/info/books/favor.htm DSP Tutorials] this site provides another good introduction in to the area of DSP.
* [http://www.musicdsp.org/archive.php?classid=2 Music-DSP] source-code archive for analysis, filters, effects and synthesis. (C, C++, and Java code)
* [http://www.itakura.nuee.nagoya-u.ac.jp/HRTF/ HRTF] A database of measurements and research papers on Head Related Transfer Functions for 3D-Audio. (PDF, Audio)
* [http://www.midi.org/about-midi/specshome.shtml MIDI Specifications] MIDI 1.0, the new MusicXMF specification, and SP-MIDI for third generation 3GPP mobile devices (PDF)
* [http://www.gamedev.net/reference/articles/article2008.asp OpenAL] a beginners tutorial on writing code using OpenAL for audio programming in computer games and other applications. (C, C++).
* [http://www.alsa-project.org/ ALSA Project] (Advanced Linux Sound Architecture) bringing audio and MIDI capabilities to Linux.
* [http://www.engmath.dal.ca/courses/engm6610/notes/notes.html A Really friendly guide to Wavelets] A good introduction to wavelets aimed towards engineer, requires a fair amount of background knowledge.

== Books/Research ==
* [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/3540231595/qid=1135380559/sr=1-3/ref=sr_1_3/102-1730075-7300931?s=books&v=glance&n=283155 Psychoacoustics - Facts and Models] author's Zwicker, Fastl, and Hugo, revised 2005 third edition. The book for comprehensive psychoacoustics models and figures.
* [http://spanias.faculty.asu.edu/papers/paper-audio-tedspanias-00.pdf Perceptual Audio Coding] authors A. Painter and T. Spanias. A comprehensive paper on percepual audio coding (PDF)
* [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0780334493/103-2094923-9567001?v=glance&n=283155&%5Fencoding=UTF8&me=ATVPDKIKX0DER&no=283155&st=books Speech Communications Human and Machine] this book provides a good introduction to speech coding, inlcuding anaylsis, recognition, and perception. This text is a very good introduction for beginners.
* [http://www.dspguide.com/ Scientist and Engineer's Guide to DSP] author Steve Smith, a great guide for beginners new to the subject of DSP (free online text)(PDF)
*[http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0792391810/ref=ase_theinternetdatac/103-9882844-5344648?v=glance&s=books Vector Quantization] authors Gersho and Gray. Good read for understanding how VQ and arithmetic coding work.

= Audio Resources =
== Websites ==
''Note: Let's include a small description to the side for now, so that we have something to work with when this section becomes large enough for its own page''

* http://www.audiocoding.com (Page with a wiki on technical audio topics, homepage of FAAC and FAAD2, also has an AAC forum.)
* http://www.head-fi.org (general information/board about head phones and portable audio players)
* http://www.heaphonereviews.org.uk (general info regarding headphones and portable audio)
* http://www.rarewares.org (Downloads for many audio and media tools)
* http://www.rockbox.org/ (Open-source jukebox firmware for numerous DAP and architectures, GNU/GPL License).
* http://www.anythingbutipod.com/ (Thorough reviews of some of the most popular digital audio players out there)

== Articles/Debates ==
* [http://www.hydrogenaudio.org/forums/index.php?showtopic=31759&st=0 DVD-A vs. SACD debate]
* [http://www.hydrogenaudio.org/forums/index.php?showtopic=38041&st=0 Subjective vs. Objective testing]
* [http://www.ambisonic.net/pdf/ambidvd2001.pdf 5.1 surround vs. Ambisonics comparison]

== Listening Tests ==
* [http://wiki.hydrogenaudio.org/index.php?title=Lossless_comparison listening tests]
* [[Listening_Tests|Inventory of several listening tests, mainly on HA.org]]

= Other Topics =
== Video ==
* [[MPEG-4 Visual]]
* [[Real Video]]
* [[Theora]]
* [[Tarkin]]
* [[Snow]]
* [[VP6]]
* [[Windows Media Video]]

== [[Container format]]s ==
* [[ASF]]
* [[AVI]]
* [[Matroska]]
* [[MOV]]
* [[MP4]]
* [[Ogg]]

= Glossary =
* [[Glossary_Of_Audio_Terms|Glossary of Audio Terms]]

= Introduction & User Guides =
''A starting place for new users to audio, with guides to compression and CD ripping and a glossary of all common terms.''

* [[Glossary Of Audio Terms]]
* [[FAQ]]
* [[Audio format guide]]
* Ripping Guides
** [[EAC]] (Win32)
** [[CDex]] (Win32)
** [[DBpowerAMP with AccurateRip]] (Win32/Mac OSX)
** [[Plextools]] (Win32)
** [[Max]] (Mac OS/X)
** [[XLD]] (Mac OS/X)
** [[Rubyripper]] (Posix/Mac OS/X)
* [[Tagging]]
* [[ReplayGain]]



= Audio Codecs =
''Pros/cons, Recommended settings, Useful tools, etc.''

*'''[[:Category:Codecs|The Technical/Codecs Category]]'''


= Container Formats =
''What is a [[container format]]?''

* [[Matroska]]
* [[MP4]]
* [[Ogg]]


= Audio Hardware & CD Ripping =
*''CD Tools, Secure Ripping, Soundcard Quality''
** [[Secure ripping]]
** Ripping Guide
*** [[EAC]]
*** [[CDex]]
*** [[DBpowerAMP with AccurateRip]]
*** [[Plextools]]
** [[CD copy protection]]
** [[CD Hardware]]
* Vinyl records and turntables
** [[Introduction to Vinyl|Introduction]]
** [[Advantages of Vinyl]]
** [[Disadvantages of Vinyl]]
** [[Vinyl Myths]]
** [[Purchasing Vinyl LPs and Components|Purchasing]]
** Record Player Components
*** [[Turntable]]
*** [[Cartridge]]
*** [[Phono preamplifier]]
** [[Evaluating Vinyl Sound Quality]]
** [[Vinyl Playback and Recording|Playback and Recording]]
** [[Vinyl Maintenance|Maintenance]]
** [[Vinyl Forum Posts and FAQs|FAQs]]
** [[Vinyl Glossary|Glossary]]
** [[Vinyl Links|Links]]
** [[Vinyl Mastering|Mastering]]
* [[Soundcard|Soundcards]]
* [[Other hardware]]



= Tests =
* [[EAC Vs CDex SecureMode]] (by Pio2001)
* [[EAC Vs CDex SecureMode II]] (by westgroveg)
* [[Listening Tests]]


=Downloads=
''Where to obtain the software discussed in HAK.''

* [[Download page]]


= Using HAK =
* [[Help:Contents|Wiki User Guide]]
* Play around at the [[Hydrogenaudio Knowledgebase:Sandbox|Sandbox]] to try your formatting skills. Everything goes here and everything can/may be deleted.
* Contributors should read [[Help:Editing|editing help]].

Hydrogenaudio Knowledgebase - User contributions [en]

ID3v1

Topic Index